Japanese Tea Ceremony Essays - Japanese Tea Ceremony, Tea Ceremony

Japanese Tea Ceremony Tea was first introduced to Japan along with Buddhism from China in the 6th century, but the Emperor Shomu introduced tea drinking to the country. During the Heian period (794-1185), tea was made from steamed and dried tea leaves ground into a powder called macha. In the 15th century, Juro Murata introduced many of the concepts of spirituality into tea ceremony, including the special room only used for the chanoyu. Tea ceremonies were required to follow a certain order. Zen Buddhist concepts in the tea ceremony were introduced by Sen no Rikyu, a Japanese tea master. During the second half of the 16th century, Sen no Rikyu created the ceremony that is now practiced and taught in Japan called Chado. He also designed a separate building for the ceremony based on a typical Japanese farmer's hut. He further formalized the tea ceremony's rules and identified the spirit of chanoyu with four basic Buddhist principles of harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility. They represent the ideals of the tea ceremony. Sen no Rikyu believed that we could reach tranquillity in the mind after we achieved harmony, respect, and purity. Chado includes almost all aspects of Japanese culture. For example, flower arrangement, ceramic, calligraphy, etc. According to Hisamatsu Shinichi, Chado is an incarnation of Buddhism. That is not entirely true. Not only Buddhism but also others including Taoism and Confucianism have influenced Chado The ceremony takes place in a room designed and designated for tea. It is called the cha*censored*su. Usually this room is inside the tea house, away from the house, in the garden. The guests are brought into the waiting room. Here, the assistant to the host offers them the hot water which will be used to make tea. While here, the guests choose one of their group to act as the main guest. The assistant then leads them to a garden. They then sit on the waiting bench, and wait for the host. The host leads the assistant, the main guest and the others (in that order) through the chumon, which symbolizes door between the coarse physical world and the spiritual world of tea. The guests and assistant purify themselves and enter the teahouse. The sliding door is only three feet high, so everyone must bow their heads and crouch. The last person in closes the door. Hanging in the room is a scroll painting. Each guest admires the scroll, then examines the kettle and hearth. They are seated according to their positions in the ceremony. The host seats himself and greetings are exchanged, first between the host and the main guest, then the host and the other guests. Each guest is given a meal called chakaiseki. The meal has three courses. After the meal, each guest cleans their utensils with soft paper. A sweet is served at the end of the meal. The host then removes the scroll and replaces it with flowers. The room is swept and the utensils are arranged. The host enters with the tea bowl which holds the tea whisk, the tea cloth, and the tea scoop. The host goes to the preparation room and returns with the waste water bowl, the bamboo water ladle, and a green bamboo rest for the kettle lid. Then he closes the door to the preparation room. Using a fine silk cloth the host cleans the tea container and scoop. Hot water is put into the tea bowl, the whisk is rinsed, the tea bowl is emptied and wiped with the cloth. The host places three scoops of tea per guest into the tea bowl. Enough hot water is put into the teabowl to create a thin paste with the whisk. More water is then added. The host passes the tea bowl to the main guest who bows. The bowl is raised and turned to be admired. The guest then drinks some of the tea, wipes the rim of the bowl, and passes the bowl to the next guest who does the same as the main guest. When the guests have all tasted the tea, the bowl is given to the host, who rinses it. The whisk, the tea scoop, and the tea container are cleaned. At the conclusion, the guests express their appreciation for the tea, and leave while the host watches from the door of the teahouse. bibliography http://welcome.to/chanoyu Chanoyu: Copyright 1995-1998 by Ken Kato and Natsuko Kato. http://www.art.unt.edu/ntieva/artcurr/japan Japanese Aesthetics, Wabi Sabi, and the Tea Ceremony: by Nancy Walkup Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts http://www.holymtn.com/tea/Japanesetea.htm The Japanese

St. Johns College Annapolis Admission Data

St. Johns College Annapolis Admission Data St. Johns College in Annapolis, with test-optional admissions, does not require students to submit scores from the SAT or the ACT. The school has holistic admissions, meaning that it looks at various aspects of an applicants application, not just grades and scores, but essays, academic history, extracurricular activities, etc. Students will need to submit high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal essay. With an acceptance rate of 53  percent, St. Johns admits the majority of those who apply. For more information about applying, including full requirements and important deadlines, be sure to visit the schools website, or contact the admissions office. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) St. Johns College Annapolis Acceptance Rate: 53  percentSt. Johns College is Test-OptionalTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 610 / 730SAT Math: 570 / 710What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 27 / 33ACT English: 30 / 34ACT Math: 25  / 31What these ACT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges SAT comparisonTop Maryland colleges ACT comparison St. Johns College Annapolis Description Founded in 1696 and chartered in 1784, St. Johns College in Annapolis has a rich and distinct history. Despite what the colleges name might suggest, St. Johns has no religious affiliation. The colleges 36-acre campus sits along the water in the center of historic Annapolis, Maryland. The  United States Naval Academy  abuts the campus. St. Johns College is not for everyone. All students have the same curriculum  and all graduate with a Bachelor of Arts in the liberal arts and sciences. The heart of a St. Johns education is reading and discussion focused on mathematics, languages, science and music. All students will graduate with an in-depth understanding of important works of Western civilization. The college has an impressive 8 to 1 student/faculty ratio. Seminars average about 20 students and are taught by two faculty members, and tutorials and labs have 12 to 16 students. Grades are not emphasized at St. Johns, and while students will read many books, they will never use a textbook. The great majority of St. Johns graduates go on to law school, medical school, or graduate school. Students at the Annapolis campus have the opportunity to study at a second campus in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 484  (434 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 55 percent male / 45 percent female100 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $50,353Books: $750Room and Board: $11,888Other Expenses: $750Total Cost: $63,621 St. Johns College Annapolis Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 64  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $29,502Loans: $6,052 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Liberal Arts and Sciences (all students at St. Johns College have the same curriculum) What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 82  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 76  percent Intercollegiate Athletics Programs Mens Sports:  RowingWomens Sports:  Rowing If You Like St. Johns College, You May Also Like These Schools: Reed College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBrown University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGoucher College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPrinceton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphYale University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSwarthmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWells College: Profile  Amherst College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJohns Hopkins University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Anthropological Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropological Theory - Assignment Example The author goes into detail and examines extending of the interconnection and the relationships of such names and tries to place them into their reality. In his idea of interconnections, Eric Wolf states that the reification has led to the misconception of the fact about nations. He cites that nations have been taken as entities that existed independently of one another. However, in his idea of connections, Eric Wolf clearly outlines the relationship between nations dating back a long time ago. Eric Wolf cites the dangers of reification as being that of giving falsehood on the reality of humanity. He cites that there is a neglect of interrelationships between human beings. He gives examples of the spread of diseases from past to present, similarly, he cites the diffusion of people through slavery and servitude to justify his idea of connections. One other danger, Eric Wolf cites in his idea of connections is that reification has led to the misconception and division of disciplines. He gave examples to show how scholars of Sociology and political science split political economy. He cites these examples as misleading misconceptions from scholars. Eric Wolf critically examines social sciences split from political economy. He argues that political economy made sense since it justified the idea of interconnection. He points out that the treatment of independent states, for instance, the United States and Greece as static and in rival by stable internal interactions and control from outside has prevented us from understanding their relationships and confrontations, a fact inconsistent with his idea of interconnections. He further points out that the difficulty is further compounded with the imaginary arrangement and division of nations into blocks as well as civilization based categorizations. Such names like, the East and West, the civilized and developed west and the

Treaty of Verdun Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Treaty of Verdun - Research Paper Example From the ancient time, the ruling authority in European Union was keen on proper implementation or laws. The pattern of ruling by the leaders of Europe always suggested the fact that every step taken by the countries belonging to the European Union was based on various treaties which was approved willingly and constitutionally by the EU member countries. From a broader perspective, a treaty can be defined as an obligatory contract between EU member countries. In modern times any treaty related to the European Nation is consisted of the objectives of European Union, rules set by the European Union as a group for all the member countries, and most importantly how the decisions will be made in the future taking into consideration the relationship between the EU and its member countries. The main objectives of the Treaties are to ensure EU get more efficient and the process of ruling get more transparent. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the significance of the Treaties of Verdun, 843 which changed the history of the Europe for ever. The paper will also focus on how the treaties change the structure of the Europe as a whole, the consequence that this treaty had as a whole. From the historical perspective, the Franconian Empire was one of the most substantial changes toward integrated administration of the medieval passà ©. During this Reich, which was comprised of both Romanian and German people, the foundation for the political, social and cultural evolution of Western Europe was laid down thoroughly. The consequence of instincts originating from this initial social and party-political center can barely be exaggerated. The conjunction of Franconian kings and Kaiser with the papacy had a long lasting significance just not for the successive history of Franconia, but also for the entire Europe. â€Å"The alliance of Franconian emperor and the Papacy was of major significance for the

Turbochargers to be used in commercial two wheelers Essay - 1

Turbochargers to be used in commercial two wheelers - Essay Example The first turbocharger was invented in the early 20th century by the ‘Swiss engineer Alfred Buchi’ who introduced a prototype in order to increase the power of a diesel engine. At the initial stage, turbocharger was meant to be used on airplanes which could use thinner air and fly at higher altitudes and to be used to deliver ample power for stable flight. In the engineering world turbochargers was in much attention as World War I brought the increased need for the aviation technology. The concept of turbocharging in those days was very little accepted. But, in the last few years, turbocharging has been a vital product in almost every diesel engine, with an exception being very small diesel engines. Turbochargers use in the petrol engines have also shown good boost for the power output. The first turbochargers were applicable limited to large engines such as marine engine. In the automobile industry turbocharging was firstly implemented into truck engines. In 1938, ‘Swiss Machine Works Saurer’ built turbocharged engine for trucks. In 1962, the Chevrolet Corvair Monza was the first turbo powered engine car which was introduced in United States. Poor efficiency and reliability made them to disappear from the market. In 1973, after the oil crisis step in, turbocharging was again found be acceptable in the diesel engine applications resulting an increase in the turbocharged truck engines. As a result today every engine of the truck is turbocharged. After few years, turbochargers were introduced in the motor sports mainly into Formula 1 racing. The word ‘turbo’ started to become quite popular. In those days, almost every manufacturer of automobiles implemented turbocharging in at least one of their top model with a turbocharged petrol engines. Although this engines were very powerful it still did not made an impression to take a further step because of the more fuel consumption and more importantly the delayed response named as ‘turbo lag’ was

The Healing Power of Music Essay example -- Music and the Brain

In December of 1992, David Ott’s father was dying of cancer. On Christmas Eve morning he went into a coma. The family gathered in the small hospital room knowing that their beloved husband and father would not be with them long. Since it was Christmas Eve, carolers were going through the hospital quietly singing. As they walked past the room singing â€Å"Silent Night†, a single tear fell across the comatose man’s cheek. His family stated that after seeing him just lay there all day without moving, that the single tear was his way of telling them goodbye. Ott stated that â€Å"music can go where words cannot† (Griffen). Research shows that music is to the brain as physical exercise is to the human body. Some form of exercise is necessary for a healthy body. People know what to do to tone their body but do they exercise their minds regularly and properly? Do they know that listening to Mozart can help increase their memory? Music has a greater impact on hum an lives than we think; it assists in releasing or creating strong emotions, strengthens the brain increasing the ability to learn, and has the power to heal. Music has a larger affect on feelings and emotions than most people realize. It is an automatic response for the human body to react to music in certain ways. Miller explains that â€Å"By the age of five, almost all healthy children have developed an unconscious framework for listening that will form the basis of their emotional response to music.† Sometimes the emotion that the music brings is very noticeable. For example, if someone is attempting to recover after the death of a loved one and they hear a song that reminds them of that person it can create different emotions quickly. The song could make that person remember the good ... ...The Australian 2011: 3. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 14 Oct. 2015. Millar, Aaron. "Music & Emotion: Why Do Sad Songs Make Us Cry?" Odyssey 22.7 (2013): 14. Middle Search Plus. Web. 1 Oct. 2015. Munz, Michele. "Music Support Program for Teen, Young Adult Cancer Patients." St. Louis Post-Dispatch (MO) 26 Sept. 2013: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 13 Nov. 2015. â€Å"Music Therapy as a Treatment Modality for Autism Spectrum Disorders.† Music Therapy. American Music Therapy Association. June 2012. Web. 14 October 2015. O’Donnell, Laurence. â€Å"Music and the Brain.† Music Power, N.p., 1999. Web. 8 October 2015. Sacks, Oliver. Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. New York: Vintage Books, 2008. Print. Weinberger, Norman M. â€Å"Music and the Brain.† Scientific American Special Edition 16.3 (2006): 36-43. Health Source- Consumer Edition. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.

Marketing mix in a business

Paraded Sahara Part 1 (a) The marketing mix is a strategy tool used to formulate a plan for product development and promotions in a business. Examining the mix for the company Bottle Green may help Simon Speers, Company Owner, see the strengths and weaknesses of the business whilst considering its growth potential. The four core elements of marketing mix are product, place, price and promotion.Products: A range of cordial drinks, mostly elderflower but has a growing range including flavors such as, ginger and lemongrass, Cox's apple and Victoria plum. The product is tangible and has a core benefit of quenching thirst. The quality, brand name and packaging may also be a benefit to a consumer who considers their image and how others perceive them. The product life cycle as many others will go through the five phases; development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This is why it is important for the company to have new products lined up in order to boost sales.Place: Bottle Gr een distributes to and sells products in supermarkets, Waitress being he single biggest customer, also to tea rooms and small outlets. The company also exports to Sweden and Canada at present. Bottle Greens distribution is out-sourced, this may be a benefit as having another company deal with the logistical area of the business could save time and enable that time to be focused on a more valuable area, such as promotions. Price: Bottle Green Cordial drink is priced Just under E, I assume this is a cost based price.Simon Speers describes the bottle as ‘chic' and hopes for it to be on the dinner tables of the nations middle class. With this premium rand image and quality product it has a competitive price when comparing it to other rival brands. For example, the sparkling soft drink produced by company Seller is currently priced at E. 25 for a mall bottle and Bottle Greens price for a similar product is E. 39 for a mall bottle. Promotion: Bottle Green has a good brand image and has built up brand awareness amongst customers.Not only does the business have a great social media profile, it also sends out samples and recipes to TV chefs who are key influencer in the public eye. Jamie Oliver and Delia Smith being two TV hefts who have given positive feedback and influenced sales to rise. Another area I would like to focus on is purchasing. The bulk of Bottle Greens elderflower comes from the company farm in Clotheshorse and the rest is imported from Hungary. Sugar forms the basis of the cordial drink and this is a problem for Speers.Currently purchasing sugar at Euro-sugar price which is higher than world-sugar price by approximately 2% per tone. At present the business is purchasing at a fixed price but any movement in the wrong direction on the foreign exchange markets will mean further expense for Bottle Green. Part 1 (b) Expert Jeanine Woodcock, managing partner at Bottle Green has some suggestions which mainly focus on promotions of the business. Engaging with customers through the social media profile where customers can discuss stories in reference to the products was one suggestion.This will encourage existing and new customers to advertise the business via word of mouth and the internet. By doing this alongside another of Woodcocks suggestions, researching current customer interests and behavioral patterns, Bottle Green will have a deeper understanding of its statistics and core demographic. This will enable the business to see its strengths and weaknesses in promotions and take action where necessary. The expert also suggests sponsoring a typically British unique and authentic event. This could potentially engage more customers and raise brand awareness which should in turn increase sales.Another expert Joe Whiteouts, deputy director at Bottle Green makes suggestions that focus on product, place and promotion. One suggestion was elderflower capsules that could be added to water and be sold where water based drinks are prepared, for example, offices that use water dispensers. This product development will enable the business to target a new market with a unique new product. Another suggestion was to target the vending machine market, this would put the product in a new place where it would compete with the competition of other soft drink retailers.The final suggestion was to supply schools with recipes in May and June when elderflower is in blossom. The idea that this campaign could be competition based would give potential customers an incentive to engage with the product. It was also suggested that the idea could be pitched as a new healthier alternative to the normal range, this would allow the business to branch out into yet another area of the market. These suggestions could possibly raise brand awareness and bring new customers which would in turn bring more revenue.The business would also have new products in the market beginning a new life cycle. Part 1 (c) The weaknesses I can see in Bottle Greens marketing mix are a lack of product range, the high purchase cost of sugar and the lack of promotion. Firstly I would take the advice of the expert Joe Whiteouts and introduce a new product and a healthier alternative range. This would bring interest from new areas in the market and potentially increase sales. Secondly I would work on the current promotional schemes, I would take the advice of both experts when it comes to promoting the business.Using the social media profile is possibly the quickest, most efficient way to advertise and promote the company in a finance friendly manner. Thirdly sponsoring events and school campaigns are also good ideas, not only British events and British schools but also International events and schools to encourage the potential growth overseas. Fourthly I would branch out and advertise on TV, this is a age opportunity to reach out to millions of potential customers. Finally I would do extensive research on sugar suppliers and try to find a cheape r alternative, this could save the company money and also increase gross profit.I would achieve these goals by working with specific areas in the business such as, the product development team, purchasing team, marketing and promotions team and also the two experts to create new products with a marketing strategy to launch the business into its next level. If all the suggestions were carried out and successful I believe that with rotgut development, increased brand awareness and promotional advertising the business would be in a better financial position and potential growth not only in the I-J but also overseas would look encouraging.